How food convert into energy and blood?

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Introduction:
                             Any thing that is edible or drinkable will get into energy and blood inside the body but it doesn’t happen in one time. It follow a long process after complication of that process where the intake food will convert into energy and blood. The whole process happen in the GIT( gastrointestinal tract) that start from mouth and end in anus. All intake food convert into small and smaller substance and last it will get absorbed by the intestine and inter into the blood. for more about human intestine https://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-is-function-of-human-intestine.htmlfds
There are five major steps of food conversion into energy
Ingestion
Ingestion is the process of taking food into the mouth after mouth swallow it into the stomach is called ingestion.
Ingestion prepare the stomach and that person to ready getting food and metabolize it. Because there are several receptor  throughout our  body and also present in our hand when detect it and send signal to brain after getting that signal brain will stimulate whole digestion system  to take action.
1.      Digestion
It is the second step of preparing of food into energy where the ingested food will get conversion into small substances that will be easy for getting from them and also make it easy to move into gastrointestinal tract.
There are two important type of digestion
a.      Mechanical digestion
Mechanical digestion is the physical breaking downing of food into smaller substances in the stomach and mouth. In the mouth teeth cut food into smaller one and tongue helps in the mouth to mix the food substance with each other and help the teeth and mouth in physical digestion.
Another mechanical digestion happen in the stomach where the three type of muscle longitudinal, circular and obligue muscle perform their movement in this way their movement help the physical cutting of food into smaller substance.
The whole mechanical digestion which help the food by increasing the surface area of food which will be easily for the attacking  of enzymes on the food. If the surface area of food increase it will be easily for the attacking of enzymes on it.
 
b.      Chemical digestion
This is the another type of digestion which happen in mouth, stomach and small intestine where the food convert into smaller substance  not by physical process but the food will get conversion into smaller one with the help of chemicals and enzymes  which act upon it and convert it into smaller substance.
In mouth saliva enzyme start the digestion or conversion of starch into smaller or digestible  substance.
stomach
In stomach hydrochloric acid make the environment of stomach acidic which kill bacteria and germs that are harmful for human health
This acid also activate enzymes inside the stomach.
In the wall of stomach there are goblet cells they produce mucous which helps the stomach by protecting the wall of stomach from the acidic environment of stomach if this mucous should not be released by stomach wall it may cause the damage  of stomach wall by acid of stomach which is released by the stomach for the purpose of protection.
Another type of cell called  chief cell which produce pepsinogen after releasing it will convert into pepsin with the help of hydrochloric  acid and pepsin help the conversion of protein into smaller substance.
for more about human stomach https://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-is-stomach-and-their-role-in-human.html
Small intestine
              Small intestine help in the chemical digestion of food where it use chemicals to the conversion of food into smaller substance.  Small intestine receive three type of chemicals
·       From gallbladder it receives bile
Bile is a chemical which is synthesized by the liver and store in the gallbladder and play its role in small intestine in intestine when it released from gallbladder it attack on the large droplet of fat  and emulsify them it mean it increase the surface area of fat which helpful for the digestion of fat. Later on lipase attached on the emulsified fat and convert it into smaller substance. And bile also decrease the acidity of chyme.
·       From its own wall it receives intestinal enzyme
There are small glands in the wall of small intestine which release several enzymes
+ maltase
+     Sucrase
+     peptidase
+     lactase
These enzyme complete the digestion of food molecules or  carbohydrates, fats and proteins into smaller absorbable substance later on it will get absorbed by the wall of small intestine.
 
·       From pancreas it receives pancreatic juice
Pancreas also release its chemical or enzyme into the duodenum of small intestine  which convert carbohydrates into glucose, protein into ammino acid and fat into ammino acid.
Pancreatic amylase convert carbohydrates into smaller substance
Lipase convert emulsified fat into smaller substance and
Trypsin convert protein into smaller substance.
 
2.      Absorption
It is the second process where digested food get absorbed by the wall of  small intestine into  blood stream.
Absorption happen in small intestine and large intestine but some drug absorb in mouth and some drug  or water absorb in stomach.
Small intestine
               All the digested substance now will get absorbed into the blood vessels with the help of villi( small structure present in the wall of small intestine.
These substance include carbohydrate and protein.
When carbohydrate converted into glucose, fructose and galactose during the phase of digestion in absorption it will absorbed into the  blood vessels of small intestine with the help of villi ( small structure present in the wall of small intestine ) .
When protein converted into ammino acid during the digestion phase in this phase it will get absorbed  into  blood vessels with the help of  villi.
Fat and all fat soluble vitamins
               These smaller molecules of fats and fats soluble vitamins are larger than the wall opening pores of villi or blood capillary that’s why it doesn’t absorbed by it. There is another structure in the villi called lacteals which absorbed these fat and fat soluble vitamin and then inter into lymphatic system.

large intestine
              all type of minerals, water soluble vitamin and water get absorbed here.
 
3.      Metabolism
It is the second last step ( of  food into blood and energy)   where the absorbed nutrient approached to cell and cell received it. After receiving it is  the important process where this substances convert into energy that energy is called ATP ( adenosine tri phosphate) which is used by the cell during their any type of activity.
1molecule of glucose = 36 ATPs
1fat molecules =106 ATPs
1 gram of protein = 4 kcal energy
4.      Blood formation
  Blood is not directly form by the intake food however it required some nutrient like protein, iron and vitamin B12 when these substance available bone marrow synthesize blood which is a main part of circulatory system. When these substance will not available in the intake food a body of an  individual  unable to synthesize blood properly and they may experience different disease like anemia for more about anemiahttps://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/02/what-is-anemia-what-are-sign-and.html


WHO -World Health Organisation

NIH- National Institute Of Health)

 CDC- Centre for Disease Control and prevention


 

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