How many type of hemoglobin are present in human body and what are their function?

-

Introduction
              Hemoglobin is combination of two factors one is hem and second is globin hem is iron and globin is protein it mean hemoglobin is an iron containing protein that is present inside the red blood cells. Hemoglobin is responsible for the transportation of oxygen to the tissue and each and cell of the body from where it collect carbon dioxide and diffuse it into the lung and it will expel out carbon dioxide from the body.

Composition
              Hemoglobin is made up of two substances one is hem that is iron containing compound and second is  globin that is protein.
What is hem?
              When a Porphyrin ring combined with iron with  the help of  an enzyme called Ferrochelatase which design the shape of hem in their structure iron is present in the center of ring. for more about iron deficiencies disease e.g anemia https://www.healthduhs.org/2026/02/what-is-anemia-what-are-sign-and.html
What is globin?
              Globin is a protein is protein that is made up of four chains and each  chain is made up of ammino acids and that is produced by the ribosomes of a cell and surround the hem that has synthesized combine them they are called hemoglobin where they inter into the cell and perform their activity.
How many types of hemoglobin?
The three types of hemoglobin are discussed below
1-      HbA
This type of hemoglobin is called adult hemoglobin that is made up of two alpha and two beta chains. It made 95 -98% of adult hemoglobin.
2-       HbA2   
It is made up of two alpha and two delta chains and it made 2-3-5% of  adult hemoglobin
3-      HbF
This type of hemoglobin is  called fetal hemoglobin that is made up of two alpha and gamma chains and this type of hemoglobin is present in developing fetus and still present after the birth baby till six month.
HbF have more potential in that condition where the concentration of oxygen is low due to this developing fetus getting oxygen from mother through placenta and that oxygen is the most travelled form of oxygen in this time HbF have capability to use it. It start disappear after the 3rd month of birth and show complete disappearance after the six month of birth because the baby got birth the concentration of oxygen increase due high availability in the environment as a result HbF begin to disappear itself.
The disappearance of HbF happen gradually when the body expose to high concentration of oxygen HbF contain two alpha and two gamma chain this the normal sequence of globin chain after birth this sequence will get affected by the external factor that is high oxygen concentration. As a result the production of gamma chain get reduced and the production of beta chain increased  which is the sequence of HbA that is called adult hemoglobin.
 
What is the Function of hemoglobin?
              It has three important function.
1-      Oxygen transportation
It is the most important function of hemoglobin  which transport oxygen from lungs to each and every cell of the body without oxygen the metabolism get cessation  as a result no ATPs production by the body and the body get deprived of energy.
                                           Cell of the body breakdown the substance or nutrient into energy                                                 which require oxygen this approach each and every cell by binding with                                     hemoglobin. One hemoglobin molecule bind with four molecules of                                                 oxygen.

2-      Carbon dioxide  removal
Carbon dioxide  is the  waste product of the body which is produce in the cell as a by product during metabolism and the body secrete it out by binding with hemoglobin. One hemoglobin molecule bind with four molecule of carbon dioxide.
3-      Buffer of blood PH
Buffer is that substance in the body which help in the hemostasis of  the PH of  the body by accepting or releasing hydrogen.
When any solution produce hydrogen and that cause the decrease of sthe PH of the body here this hemoglobin accept hydrogen and prevent the body from acidosis.
 The second fact about buffer is when the PH of body increase it produce H ions in the blood as a result the PH of blood maintain. For more about buffer and PH mentanence https://www.healthduhs.org/2026/06/what-is-difference-between-metabolic.html
Normal hemoglobin of the body
!-           Male:   14–18 g/dL
2-           Female:             12–16 g/dL
4-       Children : 14–24 g/dL
5-   pregnancy : > 12g/dL





 reference
WHO -World Health Organization
NIH- National Institute Of Health)

 CDC- Centre for Disease Control and prevention



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Benefits of exercise and its impacts on human body.

-
Image
Introduction:        All those activities that keep a person stable ,healthy and active by physically and mentally is called exercise. There are several type of exercise that we are doing on daily bases for the purpose of keep our body healthy. Exercise of routine.] What is Cardio exercise? It is a type of exercise which improve heart and lung health is called  cardio exercise. In this type of exercise heart and lungs both  directly include because both organs openly coordinates for the purpose of blood pumping and blood oxygenation respectively. If we perform any activity only specific for heart it will also improve the health of lungs as well same condition will happen if we perform any activity specific for lung it will definitely improve the health of heart because the blood in heart  needs oxygenation before leaving the heart and approaching the body and cell for this purpose it move toward lungs for oxygenation and from lung oxygenated blood move...
Read more

What is human health?

-
Image
What is human Health?  1.Human health is the complete set of Physical, Mental and Social status. It mean we called a person healthy if he\she is stable in these three status. What is physical status of a person according to health ? Physical status is that state of a person if he/she is looking stable infront of their self due to the stable condition of their internal chemistry and physical appearance. Due to the result of these things they will perform every action by their self e.g walking, running, eating, drinking , eliminating etc. If these things are available in any person we called them physically stable. What is mental status of a person according to health? A person he\she is able to control their every part of body in every situation or the ability  to respond every stimulus within normal condition is called mental health. If these condition present in a person we called them a mentally Stable person. 3. What is social status of a person according to health ? A per...
Read more

Is UTI a treatable disease? what are its signs, symptoms and treatment. Introduction

-
Image
introduction                The abbreviation UTI   and its full form is Urinary Tract Infection. It is an infection caused by microorganism in the urinary tract and any part of it. The parts of urinary system is urethra, urinary bladder, ureter and kidney. When microorganism inter in to the body from external environment and effect the urinary system of human body is called urinary tract infection. All microorganism include bacteria is the most , virus, fungi and paracites. These are the   micro -organisms they cause UTI Escherichia coli (E. coli) (80–90%)                  Urinary tract infection is mostly caused escherichia coli that is a bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterococcus species Staphylococcus saprophyticus How a microorganism effect the human...
Read more