What is stomach and their role in human body?

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Introduction

Stomach is one of the vital organ of  human body that is the connection between esophagus and small intestine. It play a vital role in the storage of food for short period of time,  digestive of food by both method  chemically or mechanicaly. It also control movement of food into small intestine


Location

It is present just below the diaphragm and the  left quadrant of human body.

And the second division is it is present in the epigestric region and left hypo chondriac region

Size of stomach

The actuall size of stomach is fixed that is 

Length is around ~25cm

Width is around ~11cm

Thickness in epmty condition is around ~ 8mm it is contracted state

Thickness in full condition is around ~4mm it is extended state

Capacity

The capacity of stomach in normal and empty state is  50ml

The capacity of stomach in  food filled condition is 1litre to 3litre

The capacity of stomach is increased with the age in infant its capacity is around  ~28ml

External region of stomach

Stomach has five region

1. Cardia

It is the  entrance area of stomach that is made up of spintcher called 

Cardiac spintcher which allow food into the stomach and also prevent backflow into the oesophagus 

2. Pylorus

It is the exit point of stomach that is  made up of  spintcher called cardiac spintcher which allow food into the small intestine  for the absorption of food

3.Fundus

It is the upper doom like shape of stomach where undigested food is store

4. Body

It is the main center area of stomach where food is mixed

5. Antrum

It is the lower portion of stomach near to pyloric spintcher responsible for preparation of food  for passage of chyme through pyloric spintcher into small intestine

Layers of stomach

There are four layers of stomach

1.Serosa

*It is the outermost layer of stomach

*  It support and protect the stomach

2. Muscularis

It is the second layer of stomach that is next to serosa it is made up of three muscle

* Longitudnal

* Circular

* obligue

All of these muscles are responsible for chewing the food by performing their specific movement

3. Submucosa

 It is the layer that is next to muscularis that is madeup of connective tissue layer and contain blood vessel, nerve and lymphatic vessels and responsible for providing nutrients to stomach its self

4. Mucosa

It is the inner most layer of  stomach that contain gestric glands

Blood supply of stomach

Four arteries that transport blood to stomach

1. Right geatric artery

2. Left gestric artery

3. Right gastroepiploic artery

4. Left gastroepiploic artery

Whom is the Nerve which supply controlled to  stomach?

Stomach is controlled by autonomus nervous system

10 cranial nerve (Vagus) nerve controlled its function eitherly sympathetically or parasympathetically

How many type of cells are present in stomach?

1. Chief cells

Type of stomata cells which produce pepsinogen

2. Parietal cells

Type of stomach cells that produce Hydrocholoric acid and also produce intrinsic factor  for the absorption of vitamin B12 absorption

3. Mucous cells

Type of stomach cells that produce mucous

4. Entroendocrine cells

Type of stomach cells that produce hormone like gastrin

 What is the mechanical function of stomach?

This the important function of stomach in this phase all ingested food first prepare for digestable through their breakdowning for that purpose muscles of stomach contract and relax and perform their motion as a result the present food converted into smaller pieces

What is the chemical digestion of stomach?

This is the type of digestion  in stomach in which stomach use other method for the breakdowning of food insted of muscle movement they use different enzyme and juice for the breaking purpose e.g HCL secrete and they activate pesinogen and they convert into pepsin and pepsin attack on protein

Does any substance absorb in stomach?

A limited absorption will happen in stomach like alcoho, asprin and some drugs

There are different type of juices secreted into the stomach they have three phases

1.cephalic phase

 In this phase an individual see, smell or touch any edible item and wanna eat them at that time brain send signal to stomach through vagus nerve to prepare them for secretion and digestion in this phase stomach release 35% of its gastric hormone

 

2. Gastric phase

This is the second most important phase in which food actually inter into the stomach and stomach fully  prepared to   cope with the food and release all gastric juices as per their requirement

3.intestinal phase

It is the last phase in which stomach prepare their self to expell food into the small intestine through their phyloric spintcher.

For more about human organs visit this websitehttps://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-is-function-of-liver-in-human-body.html



 Reference


 WHO -World Health Organisation
NIH- National Institute Of Health)

 CDC- Centre for Disease Control and prevention



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