What is the function of human intestine?

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Introduction

Human intestine is the main component of human digestive system which began from the pyloric spintcher of stomach and end in anus that is approximately 9m long. Human intestine is responsible for digestion, absorption and elimination of food it also play a vital role in the balance of fluid in human body

How many parts does human intestine have?

Human intestine is generally divided into two regions the one  which is larger in diameter and second one which is smaller in diameter the first one whose  diameter is smaller is called small intestine and the another one whose diameter is larger in diameter is called large intestine. *Diameter of small intestine is around 2.5cm  and length is 7m long 

* Diameter of large intestine is around  7cm  and length is 1.5m long

What is small intestine?

It is the part of intestine which is called small on the basis of its diameter thats length is 7m and 2.5cm in diameter.

What is the Composition of small intestine?

Small intestine has four layer which covers it. These layers are below in detail

1. Serosa

It is the most outermost layer of small intestine which is madeup of simple squamous epithelium and loos connective tissue and this region produce fluid this reduce the friction between organ and intestine and also its a part of supporting tissue of small intestine

2. Muscularis

It is the second layer of small intestine that is next to serosa  and inward  of the lumen that is called muscularis.

In this region there are two layers of smooth muscle are present 

* Outer longitudinal muscle

* Inner circular muscle

 Between these layers network of nerves are present.

This layer of  small intestine is responsible for the movement of food or fluid inside the lumen that we called peristalsis and also important for the mixing of food in the small intestine that we called segmentation .

3. Submucosa

The third layer of small intestine is submucosa which is next to muscularis toward inward of the lumen. This layer is madeup of dense connective tissue, lymphatic vessels, blood vessels glands and network of nerve.

*This layer support the mucosa and and also provide nutrients to mucosal layer.

* This layer control the secretion of substances into the lumen.

4. Mucosa

It is most inner layer of small intestine which has further three sublayers

1. Simple columnar epithelium 

This layer contain goblet cells that produce mucous and also absorb nutrients from the lumen of intestine

2. Lamina propria

This layer contain lymphatic vessels ( lacteals) and lymphocytes  that help in absorption of nutrients from villi and mucrovilli  and protection of that area from foreign particles respectively.

3. Muscularis mucosa

This layer is the most outer layer of mucosa which is toward the  lumen of intestine that contain villi and microvilli that absorbs nutrients from the lumen of  small intestine.

This layer also contain some gland that produce secretion into the lumen of small intestine 

How many regions does small intestine have?

Small intestine is divided into further three parts


* Deodenum

It is the first portion of small intestine this is 25cm in length

* It receive bile from gallbladder and pancreatic juices from pancreas

* This region nutrilize the acidity of chyme that come from stomach

* In this layer the digestion of carbohydrates, fats and protein done

* Jejinum

It is the layer of small of intestine that is present between the two regions of small intestine. Its length is 2.5m long. This layer is highly vascularized that's why most of the absorption done in this region e.g

* Glucose 

* Amino acid

* Minerals

* Vitamins

* ilem

It is the last region of small intestine this is 3.5 m long that connect  with long intestine.

In this region all those substance will get absorbed which got left in previous region like glucose, ammino acid, fatty acid , electrolyte  and vitamins.

Salt of bile and vitamin B12 also get absorbed here.

 What is the function of large intestine?

It is the region of intestine that is smaller in length 1.5m long and 7cm larger in diameter this region is important for the  absorption of fluid and electrolyte and also important for the formation of stool.


How many layer does large intestine have?



Large intestine

1. Serosa

It is the most outermost layer of large intestine which is madeup of simple squamous epithelium and loos connective tissue and this region that produce fluid this reduce the friction between organ and intestine and also its a part of supporting tissue of large intestine

2. Muscularis

It is the second layer of large  intestine that is next to serosa  and inward  of the lumen that is called muscularis.

It is made up of taenia coli muscle

3. Submucosa

The third layer of large intestine is submucosa which is next to muscularis toward inward of the lumen. This layer is madeup of dense connective tissue, lymphatic vessels, blood vessels glands and network of nerve.

*This layer support the mucosa and and also provide nutrients to mucosal layer.

* This layer control the secretion of substances into the lumen.

4. Mucosa

It is most inner layer of large intestine which has further three sublayers

1. Simple columnar epithelium 

This layer contain goblet cells that produce mucous and also absorb water and salt from the lumen of large intestine



2. Lamina propria

This layer contain lymphatic vessels  and lymphocytes ( that provide immunity)

3. Muscularis mucosa

This layer is the most outer layer of mucosa which is toward the  lumen of intestine .

This layer also enhanced the absorption of salt and water.

 Also enhance the movement of mucosa which help in its absorption.







How many region does large intestine have?


It has four regions

1. Caceum  

It is the first region of large intestine that receive all materials from ilem part of small intestine and this region absorb water and salts.

2. Colon

It is the second region of large inteatine that has further four sub regions

* Ascending colon

* Descending colon

* Sigmoid colon

* Tranverse colon

* This region again absorb water and salt to make stool. In this region some special type of bacteria are present that make vitamin K and B

3. Rectum

It is the second last region of large intestine which stool undigested food  that we called stool.

4. Anus

It is the last region of large instestine which expell out stool from the body that two spintcher internal and external.

External spintcher is controlled by ourself and internal doesn't get controlled by ourself

For more about human organ visit this page

https://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-is-kidney-and-what-are-its.html

Reference


 WHO -World Health Organisation
NIH- National Institute Of Health)

 CDC- Centre for Disease Control and prevention




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