What is aplastic anemia?

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Introduction

              Anemia is it’s self is a disorder of blood which is characterized by decrease of red blood cells and hemoglobin due to any cause. It has several type Aplastic is one of the type of anemic in which the concentration of red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells decreased toward its lower value that condition is called aplastic anemia.

All type of blood cells are formed in the stem cells of bone marrow these stem cells are  responsible for the production of these cell. In aplastic anemia  these stem cells get replaced by any fat tissue or other substance and they suppress them as a result there will be no formation of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Decrease the concentration of these substance will affect the whole body because these are transporter and defender of body when they get absent who will take their responsibility when the condition remain for long time the body gradually slow down it’s function move toward its expiry date.

Real example of Aplastic anemia

A company who is making three type of juices A, B and C through one large juicer machine and transport them to the public. One’s a day a worker break this machine    mistakenly  or do it due to unawareness as a result the machine get default and that is unrepairable. When the machine is not making juice it’s not possible to transport juices to public but the public is addicted to juice  they will not be able to survive because they have been using juice instead of water since their ancestor. Now the company is unable to transport juice due to failure of machine as a result the people who are addicted gradually get healthy problem and at last they died.

A            =            Red blood cells

B            =            White blood cells

C            =            Platelets

Juicer Machine              =            Stem cells of bone

Company          =            Bone

Worker who damaged it =       Cause of Aplastic

Sign and symptoms of Aplastic anemia

·      *     Fatigue
·       Weakness
·       Pallor
·       Headache
·       Dizziness
·       Shortness of breath
·       Palpitation
·       Recurrent infection ( infection who come’s and go).
·       Mouth Ulcer for more about oral  ulcer https://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/07/what-is-oral-cavity-is-stomatitis-is.html
·       Fever
·       Pneumonia
·       Delayed wound healing
·       Heavy menstrual bleeding
·       Nose bleeding

Diagnosis

·       Physical examination
·       Complete history
·       CBC count
·       Bone marrow biopsy
·       Marrow aspiration
·       Reticulocytes count
·       Liver function test for more about liver function https://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-is-function-of-liver-in-human-body.html
·       Kidney function test

Causes of Aplastic anemia

·       Certain drugs e.g antibiotics, immune suppressant and  chemotherapy
·       Radiation
·       Chemicals
·       Pregnancy
·       Viral infection
·       Congenital or genetic factor
·       Idiopathic or the cause is unknown
 
Treatment
·       When aplastic anemia is diagnosed the first aim is to remove the cause which has induced it e.g  smoking, alcohol drinking, drugs, radiation or any infection

·       Blood transfusion
·       Platelets transfusion
·       Antibiotic if infection is present
·       Immunosuppressant
·       Bone marrow transplantation
·       Hematopoetic stem cell transplantation

Prevention

·        Use medication safely
·       Avoid exposure to toxins
·       Prevent viral infection
·       Prevent yourself from unnecessary radiation
·       Take care of nutrition
·       Genetic testing
·       Maintain healthy life style

 f     *    regular exercise     for  more about exercise  https://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/01/benefits-of-exercise-and-its-impact-on.html


Prognosis of Aplastic anemia

Prognosis mean what will happen when anyone suffer from aplastic anemia either they will get recover instantly or not

Prognosis  of aplastic anemia depend upon it’s severity, age, cause and when you diagnosed.

If it diagnosed in early  time in younger age and normal cause e.g antibiotic it will be consider as good prognosis that individual get recover as soon as possible but depend upon the type of treatment.

 reference

WHO -World Health Organization
NIH- National Institute Of Health)

 CDC- Centre for Disease Control and prevention


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