What is veinous system of human body and how it is arranged through out the body?

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  1.  
  2. Introduction
  3.               Vein is a blood vessel which is also responsible for carrying blood in opposite direction of arteries except pulmonary vein and vein which carry oxygenated  blood.
  4. We discussed about artery in previous article there artery supply blood and all required of tissueshttps://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/05/what-is-circulatory-system-and-human.html
  5.  Why there is requirement of another blood vessel like vein?
  6. The answer of this question  is very simple that the artery supply all nutrient to tissues after getting these nutrient tissue and cell again metabolize these substance during that chemical reaction there would be synthesize of waste product these waste products are not required for cell and if these will stay long inside the  they will cause the change of chemistry of cell for that purpose there is a system we called veinous system that collect it and flow it toward heart and other organ like liver for detoxification. In addition to this all the material supplied by the artery will not be absorbed or used by the cell or tissue here the unused material will flow back toward heart and other organ like liver for the purpose of hemostasis.
  7. What is the composition of vein
  8. Composition
  9. It is made up of three layers
  10. a.      Tunica adventitia ( tunica externa)
  11. It is the outer most layer of vein which is made up of connective tissue.
  12. Which is important for the protection of vein.
  13. b.      Tunica media
  14. It is the second of vein layer which is next to inward from outer layer which is made up of smooth muscle and elastic fiber artery and vein both contain these structure but incase of vein it is thinner than artery . It controls the diameter of vein.
  15.  
  16. c.       Tunica intima  
  17. It is the innermost layer of vein which is made up of endothelial cells if we talk about its surface that is totally  smooth in nature that help them to reduce friction and make it easy for blood circulate through them. One thing about this layer it is different from artery because it contains valves which is responsible for preventing of back flow of blood and  also help vein to flow of blood through them smoothly.
  19. How veins are spread through out the body?
  20.               There  are two largest vein of human body
  21. 1.      Superior vena cava
  22. 2.       Inferior vena cava
  23. First we will discussed about superior vena cava.
  24. 1. Superior vena cava
  25. Superior vena cava drain their fluid or blood directly into right atrium it is made by the combination of two veins
  26. ·     Right  brachiocephalic vein
  27. ·     Left brachiocephalic vein
  28. ·     Azygous vein



  33. Branches of right and left brachiocephalic vein
  34. a.   Right brachiocephalic vein
  35. it is formed by the combination of
  36. ·     Right subclavian vein
  37. ·     Right internal jugular vein
  38. ·     Right external vein
  39. b.  Left brachiocephalic vein
  40. It is formed by the combination of these  two veins
  41. ·     Left subclavian vein
  42. ·     Left internal jugular veinl
  43. ·     Left external jugular vein
  44. c. Azygous vein
  45. There are several veins that drain into azygous and azygous drain into superior vena cava. Vein that are drain inti azygous vein.
  46. 1.            Hemizygous vein
  47. 2.             Accessary hemizygous vein
  48. 3.            Right subcostal vein
  49. 4.            Right ascending lumbar vein
  50. 5.            Posterior intercostal vein
  51. 6.            Esophageal vein
  52. 7.            Pericardial vein
  53. 8.            Mediastinal vein
  54. 9.            Bronchial vein
  55. a.1. Sub-branches of right subclavian vein
  56. 1. Axillary vein
  57. it further divide into three sub-branches
  58. *      Brachial vein
  59. *      cephalic vein
  60. *      Basilic vein
  61.  
  62. 2.  Radial vein
  63. it further divide into two sub-branches
  64. *      Deep palmar vein
  65. *      wrist vein
  66. 3. Ulnar vein
  67. it further divide into two sub-branches
  68. ·     Muscular vein
  69. ·     Superficial palmar vein
  70.  
  71. 3.  brachial vein
  72. it further divide into two sub-branches
  73. ·     Ulnar vein
  74. ·     Radial vein
  75. a.2. branches and sub- branches of right internal jugular vein
  76. it is divide into further branches
  77. 1.  Lingual vein
  78. 2.  Superior thyroid vein
  79. 3.  Pharyngeal vein
  80. 4.  Superior thyroid vein
  81. 5.  Inferior petrosal vein
  82. 6.  Sigmoid vein
  83. 7.  Facial vein
  84. Sub-branches of facial vein
  85. ·     Deep facial vein
  86. ·     Superior labial vein
  87. ·     Inferior labial vein
  88. ·     Angular vein
  89. a.3  Right external jugular vein
  90. it collect blood from scalp, face, posterior neck region, superficial  neck region and shoulder region.
  91.  
  92. b.1. branches and sub-branches of left subclavian
  93. vein
  94.  
  95.  
  96. Axillary vein
  97. it further divide into three sub-branches
  98. *      Brachial vein
  99. *      cephalic vein
  100. *      Basilic vein
  101.  
  102. 4.  Radial vein
  103. it further divide into two sub-branches
  104. *      Deep palmar vein
  105. *      wrist vein
  106. 3. Ulnar vein
  107. it further divide into two sub-branches
  108. ·     Muscular vein
  109. ·     Superficial palmar vein
  110.  
  111. 5.  brachial vein
  112. it further divide into two sub-branches
  113. ·     Ulnar vein
  114. ·     Radial vein
  115.  
  116. b.2. branches and sub-branches of left internal Juglar
  117. vein
  118. 1. Pharyngeal vein
  119. 2. Lingual vein
  120. ·    Sublingual vein
  121. ·    Deep lingual vein
  122. ·    Dorsal lingual vein
  123. 3. Middle thyroid vein
  124. 4. Superior thyroid vein
  125. ·    Superior laryngeal vein
  126. ·    Cricothyroid vein
  127. 5. Inferior petrosal vein
  128. 6.  Common facial vein
  129. ·    Superior labial vein
  130. ·    Inferior labial vein
  131. ·    Deep facial vein
  132. ·    Angular vein
  133. b.3. Left external jugular vein
  134. it collect blood from scalp, face, posterior neck region, superficial  neck region and shoulder region.
  135. 3. Inferior vena cava
  136. It is a largest vein of human body which collect deoxygenated blood from the lower side of body.It is formed by the combination of two veins.
  137. 1. Right common iliac vein
  138. 2. Left common iliac vein
  139. 3.  Phyrenic vein
  140. 4.  Renal vein

  143. a.1  Right common iliac vein
  144. it is formed by the combination of two vein
  145. ·    Internal iliac vein
  146. ·    external iliac vein
  147. sub-branches of internal and external iliac vein
  148. * right internal iliac vein
  149. *    vesical vein
  150. *    vaginal vein
  151. *    uterine vein
  152. *    middle rectal vein
  153. *    internal pudendal vein
  154. *    superior gluteal vein
  155. *    inferior gluteal vein
  156. *    lateral sacral vein
  157. *    obturator vein
  158. *    iliolumbar vein
  159. Right External iliac vein
  160. ·    deep circumflex vein
  161. ·    inferior epigastric vein
  162. ·    pubic vein
  163. ·    pelvic wall vein
  164. after the branches external iliac become femoral vein
  165. femoral vein
  166. ·    tibial vein
  167. ·    popliteal vein
  168. ·    posterior tibial
  169. ·    anterior tibial
  170. ·    fibular
  171.  
  172. a.2  left common iliac vein
  173. it is formed by the combination of two vein
  174. ·    Internal iliac vein
  175. ·    external iliac vein
  176. sub-branches of internal and external iliac vein
  177. * left internal iliac vein
  178. *    vesical vein
  179. *    vaginal vein
  180. *    uterine vein
  181. *    middle rectal vein
  182. *    internal pudendal vein
  183. *    superior gluteal vein
  184. *    inferior gluteal vein
  185. *    lateral sacral vein
  186. *    obturator vein
  187. *    iliolumbar vein
  188. left External iliac vein
  189. ·    deep circumflex vein
  190. ·    inferior epigastric vein
  191. ·    pubic vein
  192. ·    pelvic wall vein
  193. after the branches external iliac become femoral vein
  194. femoral vein
  195. ·    tibial vein
  196. ·    popliteal vein
  197. ·    posterior tibial
  198. ·    anterior tibial
  199. ·    fibular
  200. 4.            phrenic vein
  201. it collects vein from
  202. ·    Diaphragm muscle
  203. ·    Esophageal vein
  204. ·    Suprarenal vein
  205. And drain into inferior vena cava
  206. 5.            Renal vein
  207. ·    Left renal vein
  208. It collect vein from
  209. ·    Left inferior phrenic
  210. ·    Left gonadal vein
  211. ·    Left suprarenal vein
  212. ·    Right renal vein
  213. ·    Only kidney vein
  214. Both renal vein drain into inferior vena cava
  215. WHO -World Health Organisation
  216. NIH- National Institute Of Health)

  218.  CDC- Centre for Disease Control and prevention

  220.  
  221.  

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