PREVENTION AND MEDICINE OF DIABETES 2 Introduction This type of Diabetes happen due to the resistance of insulin by the body as a result insulin accumulate in the body. Stage 1 Body cell doesn't respond to insulin Due to this pancreas begin to overcome such type of issue as a result the concentration of glucose stay normal in the body In this stage of diabetes value of glucose stay normal or slightly increase Stage 2 Presiabetes Insulin resistance increase by the body due to such type of high resistance pancreas unable to overcome such type of resistance glucose begin to increase in the body * Fasting value of glucose 100-125 mg/dl Stage 3 In this stage of diabetes due to high resistance on insulin by the body as a result pancreas unable to overcome the applied resistance and gradually begin to die insulin producer cell( Beta cell). *Fasting glucose greater than 126 mg/dl Stage 4 In this stage of diabetes higher number of beta cell distroyed as a result very small concentration of insulin produced that is not enough for body as a result body become of insulin Fasting glucose value higher than stage 3 Prevention 1. Avoid excess rice Rice have capibility to frequently convert into glucose after takein *In diabetes high glucose stimulate high insulin but the body resist that insulin to act upon glucose as a result glucose accumulate in the body. 2. Avoid refined flavour Refined flavour include naan and biscuits * In these items during their manifecture fibre is artificially removed due to this these items absorb easily and suddenly convert into glucose. * Such type of glucose force pancreas to release insulin but the body doesn't allow them to approach required cells as a result glucose accumulate in the body 3.Avoid fast food In fast food pizza and burger include which contain high concentration of saturated fat, trans fat and saturatecells a . * These type of fat absorbed by the cell of muscle and liver and these fat block the receptor of insulin as result insulin doesn't work upon these cells glucose begin to accumulate in the body. 4. Avoid fried food Samusa , pakora and Fries these items contain trans fat. * Trans fat the severe source of unsulin resistance and Beta cell dimage 5. Avoid soft drink Soft drink contain high concentration of sugar after takein it cause severe increase in the concentration of glucose and that glucose would not be slow down by insulin due to the presence of resistance 6. Avoid packed juice Packed juice contain no sugar but it caintain fructose syrup. * Fructose directly goes to liver where it convert into fat and cause insulin resistance. 7. Avoid sweet and sugar Due to contineously high concentration of sweet and sugar, that contain glucose if glucose conteniously begin to accumulate insulin overwork and beging to fail work against glucose 8. Avoid white bread and backery item Cakes, donuts etc contain refined flavour, trans fat and augar these items suddenly absorbed by the liver and cell after absorbing they resist to insulin receptor as a result glucose accumulate in the body. Trans fat Naturally every substance have their own setructure as per their setructure they perform their soecific function when their setructure will be distrub definetly they function will also distrub such like this trans fat is the altered setructure formed of fat that ia naturally presence due to their altered setructure they perform altered function that is actually not the requirement of body. In liver trans fat or altered fat attached with the insulin receptor and doesn't allow insulin to inter into cell through insulin receptor. Healthy diet 1.Fruit 2. Vegitable 3.Pulse 4. Fish 5. Egg 6 lean meat 7. Low fat dairy( low fat cheese, low fat paneer, low fat yogurt and low fat milk) 8. Physical exercise Walking Running Joghing Cycling Swimming Yoga Body weight Maintain body weight especially abdominal obsity which is the main cause of diabetes type 2 * body mass should be lesa than 25 BMI Avoid alcohol It cause the accumulation of fat in the liver which cause the blockage of insulin receptor Stop smoking It cause demage blood vessel and increase insulin resistance Manage stress Regulate monitoring gulucose Medicine Metformin * Metformin * Netformin XR It reduce glucose absorption in small inteatine and decrease glucose production in liver Sulfonylureas * Glimepiride * Gliclazide * Glibenclamide Increase insulin production from liver Meglitnides * Repaglinide * Nateglinide For short time it increase insulin DPP 4 inhibitor Linagliptin Saxagliptin Vildagliptin Sitagliptin Increase insulin after meal and reduce glucagon SGLT-2 inhibitor *Empagliflozin *Canagliflozin * Dapagliflozin Remove glucose through urine GLP - 1 Agonist *Semaglutide * Dulaglutide *Liraglutide Reduce appeptite ( Desire to eat foot) Reduce GIT empity TZD Rosiglitazone Pioglitazone Make cell of body more insulin sensitive Insulin *Basal bolus insuline *Basal insuline
Introduction
This type of Diabetes happen due to the resistance of insulin by the body as a result insulin accumulate in the body.
There are four categories of this stages
Stage 1
*Body cell doesn't respond to insulin
Due to this pancreas begin to overcome such type of issue as a result the concentration of glucose stay normal in the body
In this stage of diabetes value of glucose stay normal or slightly increase
Stage 2 Prediabetes
Insulin resistance increase by the body due to such type of high resistance pancreas unable to overcome such type of resistance glucose begin to increase in the body
* Fasting value of glucose 100-125 mg/dl
Stage 3
In this stage of diabetes due to high resistance on insulin by the body as a result pancreas unable to overcome the applied resistance and gradually begin to die insulin producer cell( Beta cell).
*Fasting glucose greater than 126 mg/dl
Stage 4
In this stage of diabetes higher number of beta cell destroy as a result very small concentration of insulin produced that is not enough for body as a result body become of insulin
Fasting glucose value higher than stage 3
Prevention
1. Avoid excess rice
Rice have capability to frequently convert into glucose after take in
*In diabetes high glucose stimulate high insulin but the body resist that insulin to act upon glucose as a result glucose accumulate in the body.
2. Avoid refined flavour
Refined flavour include naan and biscuits
* In these items during their production fibre is artificially removed due to this these items absorb easily and suddenly convert into glucose.
* Such type of glucose force pancreas to release insulin but the body doesn't allow them to approach required cells as a result glucose accumulate in the body
3.Avoid fast food
In fast food pizza and burger include which contain high concentration of saturated fat, trans fat and saturated cells .
* These type of fat absorbed by the cell of muscle and liver and these fat block the receptor of insulin as result insulin doesn't work upon these cells glucose begin to accumulate in the body.
4. Avoid fried food
Samusa , pakora and Fries these items contain trans fat.
* Trans fat the severe source of insulin resistance and Beta cell dimage
5. Avoid soft drink
Soft drink contain high concentration of sugar after take in it cause severe increase in the concentration of glucose and that glucose would not be slow down by insulin due to the presence of resistance
6. Avoid packed juice
Packed juice contain no sugar but it contain fructose syrup.
* Fructose directly goes to liver where it convert into fat and cause insulin resistance.
7. Avoid sweet and sugar
Due to continuously high concentration of sweet and sugar, that contain glucose if glucose destroyed continuously begin to accumulate insulin overwork and beging to fail work against glucose
8. Avoid white bread and backery item
Cakes, donuts etc contain refined flavour, trans fat and sugar these items suddenly absorbed by the liver and cell after absorbing they resist to insulin receptor as a result glucose accumulate in the body.
What is Trans fat?
Naturally every substance have their own structure as per their structure they perform their specific function when their structure will be disturb definitely they function will also disturb such like this trans fat is the altered structure formed of fat that is naturally presence due to their altered sitructure they perform altered function that is actually not the requirement of body. In liver trans fat or altered fat attached with the insulin receptor and doesn't allow insulin to inter into cell through insulin receptor.
Healthy diet for Diabetic 2 patient
1.Fruit
2. Vegitable
3.Pulse
4. Fish
5. Egg
6 lean meat
7. Low fat dairy( low fat cheese, low fat paneer, low fat yogurt and low fat milk)
Physical exercise
Walking
Running
Jogghing
Cycling
Swimming
Yoga
For more about exercise visithttps://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/01/benefits-of-exercise-and-its-impact-on.html
Body weight
Maintain body weight especially abdominal obesity which is the main cause of diabetes type 2
* body mass should be lesa than 25 BMI
Avoid alcohol
It cause the accumulation of fat in the liver which cause the blockage of insulin receptor
Stop smoking
It cause dimage blood vessel and increase insulin resistance
Manage stress
During stress two hormones release from the body one is cortisol and second is epinephrine or nor epinephrine
* Cortisole force the liver to release more and more glucose as a result glucose increase in the body.
* epinephrine also force kidney to release glucose quickly
* when glucose accumulate in the body pancrease in response to glucose release insulin this glucose will not be receipt by the receptor of liver and muscle cell as result glucose stay high and diabetes 2 occur.
Regulate monitoring gulucose
Medicine
Metformin
* Metformin
* Netformin XR
It reduce glucose absorption in small intestine and decrease glucose production in liver
Sulfonylureas
* Glimepiride
* Gliclazide
* Glibenclamide
Increase insulin production from liver
Meglitnides
* Repaglinide
* Nateglinide
For short time it increase insulin
DPP 4 inhibitor
Linagliptin
Saxagliptin
Vildagliptin
Sitagliptin
Increase insulin after meal and reduce glucagon
SGLT-2 inhibitor
*Empagliflozin
*Canagliflozin
* Dapagliflozin
Remove glucose through urine
GLP - 1 Agonist
*Semaglutide
* Dulaglutide
*Liraglutide
Reduce ( Desire to eat foot)
Reduce GIT empty
TZD
Rosiglitazone
Pioglitazone
Make cell of body more insulin sensitive
Insulin
*Basal bolus insulin
*Basal insulin
References
References
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