PREVENTION AND MEDICINE OF DIABETES 2
Introduction
This type of Diabetes happen due to the resistance of insulin in the body or any thing in the body they disturb insulin to perform its activities, there insulin unable to perform its activity as a result glucose accumulate in the body that is called diabetes type 2.
For more about diabetes type 2https://www.healthduhs.org/2026/01/diabtes-type-2-and-its-sign.html
Stages of diabetes type 2
Stage 1
*Body cell doesn't respond to insulin
Due to this pancreas begin to overcome such type of issue as a result the concentration of glucose stay normal in the body
In this stage of diabetes, lab value of glucose stay normal or slightly increase
Stage 2 Prediabetes
Insulin resistance increase by the body due to such type of high resistance pancreas unable to overcome such type of resistance glucose begin to increase in the body
* Fasting value of glucose 100-125 mg/dl
Stage 3
In this stage of diabetes due to high resistance on insulin by the body as a result pancreas unable to overcome the applied resistance and gradually begin to die insulin producer cell( Beta cell).
*Fasting glucose greater than 126 mg/dl
Stage 4
In this stage of diabetes higher number of beta cell destroy as a result very small concentration of insulin produced that is not enough for body to compete with glucose as a result body become diabetic due to insulin resistance by any body factor
Fasting glucose value higher than stage 3
Prevention
1. Avoid excess rice
Rice have capability to frequently convert into glucose after take in
*In diabetes high glucose stimulate high insulin but the body resist that insulin to act upon glucose as a result glucose accumulate in the body.
2. Avoid refined flavor
Refined flavor include naan and biscuits
* In these items during their production fiber is artificially removed due to this these items absorb easily and suddenly convert into glucose.
* Such type of glucose, force pancreas to release insulin but the body doesn't allow them to approach required cells as a result glucose accumulate in the body
3.Avoid fast food
In fast food pizza and burger include which contain high concentration of saturated fat, trans fat and saturated cells .
* These type of fat absorbed by the cell of muscle and liver and these fat block the receptor of insulin as result insulin doesn't work upon these cells glucose begin to accumulate in the body.
4. Avoid fried food
Samosa , pakora and Fries these items contain trans fat.
* Trans fat the severe source of insulin resistance and Beta cell damage
5. Avoid soft drink
Soft drink contain high concentration of sugar after take in it cause severe increase in the concentration of glucose and that glucose would not be slow down by insulin due to the presence of resistance
6. Avoid packed juice
Packed juice contain no sugar but it contain fructose syrup.
* Fructose directly goes to liver where it convert into fat and cause insulin resistance.
7. Avoid sweet and sugar
Due to continuously high concentration of sweet and sugar, that contain glucose if glucose destroyed continuously begin to accumulate insulin overwork and beginning to fail work against glucose
8. Avoid white bread and bakery item
Cakes, donuts etc contain refined flavor, trans fat and sugar these items suddenly absorbed by the liver and cell after absorbing they resist to insulin receptor as a result glucose accumulate in the body.
What is Trans fat?
Naturally every substance have their own structure as per their structure they perform their specific function when their structure will be disturb definitely they function will also disturb such like this trans fat is the altered structure formed of fat that is naturally presence due to their altered structure they perform altered function that is actually not the requirement of body. In liver trans fat or altered fat attached with the insulin receptor and doesn't allow insulin to inter into cell through insulin receptor.
Healthy diet for Diabetic 2 patient
1.Fruit
2. Vegetable
3.Pulse
4. Fish
5. Egg
6 lean meat
7. Low fat dairy( low fat cheese, low fat paneer, low fat yogurt and low fat milk)
Physical exercise
Walking
Running
Jogging
Cycling
Swimming
Yoga
For more about exercise visit https://www.healthduhs.org/2026/01/benefits-of-exercise-and-its-impact-on.html
Body weight
Maintain body weight especially abdominal obesity which is the main cause of diabetes type 2
* Body mass should be less than 25 BMI
Avoid alcohol
It cause the accumulation of fat in the liver which cause the blockage of insulin receptor
Stop smoking
It cause damage to blood vessel and increase insulin resistance
Manage stress
During stress two hormones release from the body one is cortisol and second is epinephrine or nor epinephrine
* Cortisole force the liver to release more and more glucose as a result glucose increase in the body.
* epinephrine also force kidney to release glucose quickly
* when glucose accumulate in the body pancreas in response to glucose release insulin this glucose will not be receipt by the receptor of liver and muscle cell as result glucose stay high and diabetes 2 occur.
Regulate monitoring gulucose
Medicine
Metformin
* Metformin
* Netformin XR
It reduce glucose absorption in small intestine and decrease glucose production in liver
Sulfonylureas
* Glimepiride
* Gliclazide
* Glibenclamide
Increase insulin production from liver
Meglitnides
* Repaglinide
* Nateglinide
For short time it increase insulin
DPP 4 inhibitor
Linagliptin
Saxagliptin
Vildagliptin
Sitagliptin
Increase insulin after meal and reduce glucagon
SGLT-2 inhibitor
*Empagliflozin
*Canagliflozin
* Dapagliflozin
Remove glucose through urine
GLP - 1 Agonist
*Semaglutide
* Dulaglutide
*Liraglutide
Reduce ( Desire to eat foot)
Reduce GIT empty
TZD
Rosiglitazone
Pioglitazone
Make cell of body more insulin sensitive
Insulin
*Basal bolus insulin
*Basal insulin
References
References
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