HYPOTENSION AND PEOPLES ARE AT RISK OF HYPOTENSION??
Blood pressure
Blood pressure is the pressure of blood in which the blood apply pressure on the wall of blood vessel during circulation is called blood pressure.
The normal value of Blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg.
120 is the systolic ( The pressure in artery during the contraction of ventricle of heart )and 80 is the diastolic blood pressure( pressure remain in the artery after contraction of ventricle or during relaxation of ventricle).
Systolic blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure is the pressure of blood when the ventricle contract and pump the blood out from heart at that time pressure applied on the blood vessel is called systolic blood pressure and we detect the this pressure through artery it is easily measurable.
Diastolic blood pressure
After contraction of ventricle during the relaxation time of ventricle , remaining pressure of blood in blood vessel is called diastolic blood pressure.
Hypotension
If there is fluid in any system they have their own pressure such like human is a system and blood is a fluid it perform its function in its normal condition when it deviate from normal condition then it creates problem. The pressure of blood in human is created by the heart by contracting its ventricle this contraction cause creating pressure in the blood which we can easily detect by artery.
The blood pressure has its standard value when it increase or decrease from it we will consider it high or low in the scenario of hypotension the blood pressure will decrease from the standard value (120/80)
Stages of hypotension
Stage 1
This is an initial or mild stage of hypotension in which the pressure of blood is around 95/60 mmHg.
Symptom of stage 1 hypotension
Dizziness
In this stage of hypotension the perfusion of blood to brain tissue and cell is decreased as a result brain unable to maintain perform their function in this situation due to less amount of nutrient and they send a signal to body in the form of dizziness.
Fatigue
In this stage of hypotension heart unable to deliver a sufficient amount of blood to muscle as a result muscle unable to continue its normal function and muscle becomes weak as a result fatigue occur in which muscle does not generate heat.
Slight tachycardia
When the heart received signal from the brain, the body is not getting a sufficient amount of blood after getting the stimulus in response the heart increase cardiac cycle to maintain the deficiency
Cold hands and feet
In this stage of hypotension heart increase the flow of blood toward vital organs instead of peripheral parts as a result hands are the peripheral parts their blood flow is decreased and become cold.
Mild pallor or pale skin color
When blood flow toward skin is reduced due to the presence of low blood volume skin change it's color from pink and red to pale and white.
Stage 2
This is a moderate stage of blood pressure in which blood pressure is less than 90/60 mmHg.
Symptoms of stage 2 hypotension
Weak and rapid pulse
In this stage of blood pressure due to low pressure of blood toward body, heart try to maintain cardiac output that's why pulse would be increased.
Profound dizziness
Due to decreased perfusion of blood toward brain tissue as a result dizziness occur.
Cold skin
Due to reduced blood flow toward skin as a result become cold.
Pale skin
Same process repeated again due to reduced blood circulation toward skin as a result skin change its color from red / pink to pale /white
Nausea /Vomiting
* Due to reduced blood flow toward GI tract and GI cells get less oxygen and become irritate due to this they send a signal to the brain vomiting they start nausea or vomiting
* Reduced blood pressure stimulate hormone ( Adrenalin ) to alert vomiting center in brain as a result nausea or vomiting occur
* When the blood toward GI tract is reduced brain alert stomach to decreased load on stomach as a result vomiting occur
Anxiety
Due to low perfusion to brain, Sympathetic nervous system release adrenaline to feel anxious about the situation.
Urine output decreased(oliguria)
We know that kidneys are non vital organs during hypotension heart change the direction of blood toward vital and decreased perfusion of blood toward non vital organ being a non vital organ kidney also receive less blood perfusion as a result decreased filtration and output of urine occur
Stage 3
This is a severe stage of low blood pressure in which the blood pressure is less than 70/40 mmHg.
Symptoms of stage 3 hypotension
1. Absence or weak pulse
Heart pumping blood is fail or negligible as result weak or absence pulse occur.
2. Delirium
The suffered one have no idea about the time, place ,or things these things happen due to low perfusion toward brain tissue.
3. Loss of consciousness
Late sign of severe hypotension in which neuron doesn't work properly.
4. No urine output ( Anuria)
In severe hypotension Renal perfusion fail as a result kidney filtration also fail as a result no there would be no output of urine. urine
5. Severe bradycardia or tachycardia
* In this stage of hypotension initially heart try to cover the demand of body as a result they increase heart cycle and tachycardia occur.
* After heart taking action when the situation is out of control from the heart as a result heart rate decreased and bradycardia occur.
6.septic shock
Due to severe reduced blood perfusion towards body multiple organs damage this is called septic shock.
7. Cardio genic shock
Heart doesn't pump blood due to severe hypotension heart failure occur.
8. Hypovolemic shock
Due to low blood volume organs fail
Who is at high risk of hypotension?
Elderly people
Alcohol user
burn patient
Dehydrated people
Diabetic patient
Heart patient
Sepsis patient
People on BP medicine
Malnutrition
Pregnant women
Treatment for hypotension
1- Lay the patient flat
2- Give iv fluid
3- Administered Oxygen
4_ Raised leg
5- Drink fluid
keeping the status of our health update is necessary for our health and healthy life for more about health visithttps://www.healthduhs.org/2026/01/what-is-human-health.html
Treatment through medicine
1- Norepinephrine
2- Dopamine
3- Normal saline
4- Midodrine
5- Normal saline
6- Fludrocortisone
How to prevention from low blood pressure?
* Stand up slowly suddenly standing can reduce blood pressure for short period of time
* Take adequate amount of salt
* Keep your body hydrated
* If hypotension happened due to any disease treating that disease or any underline cause is most important
* Exercise routinely which can maintain blood pressure for more about exercisehttps://www.healthduhs.org/2026/01/benefits-of-exercise-and-its-impact-on.html
* Avoid excessive alcohol
* Avoid unnecessary medicines that cause hypotension
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