HYPOTENSION AND PEOPLES ARE AT RISK OF HYPOTENSION??
Introduction
First blood pressure is the pressure of blood which the blood apply pressure on the wall of blood vessel during circulation is called blood pressure.
The normal value of Blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg.
120 is the systolic and 80 is the diastolic blood pressure.
Systolic blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure is the pressure of blood when the ventricle contract and pump the blood out from heart at that time pressure applied on the blood vessel is called systolic blood pressure.
Diastolic blood pressure
After contraction of ventricle during the relaxation time the remaining pressure of blood in blood vessel is called diastolic blood pressure.
Introduction and stages of hypotension
If there is the presence of fluid in any system they have their own pressure such like human is a system and blood is a fluid it perform its function in its normal condition when it deviate from normal condition then it creates problem.
When the blood pressure decrease from its normal value120/80 mmHg its called hypotension.
Stage 1
This is a mild stage of hypotension in which the pressure of blood is around 95/60 mmHg.
Symptom of stage 1 hypotension
Dizziness
In this stage of hypotension the perfusion of blood to brain tissue and cell is decreased as a result brain unable to maintain perform his function due to less amount of nutrient and they send a signal to body in the form of dizziness.
Fatigue
In this stage of hypotension heart unable to deliver a sufficient amount of blood to muscle and muscle becomes weak as a result fatigue occur in which muscle does not generate heat.
Slight tachycardia
When the heart received signal from brain that the body is not getting a sufficient amount of blood after getting the stimulus in response the heart increase cardiac cycle to maintain the deficiency
Cold hands and feet
In this stage of hypotension heart increase the flow of blood toward vital organs instead of peripheral parts as a result hands are the peripheral parts their blood flow is decreased and become cold.
Mild pallor or pale skin colour
When blood flow toward skin is reduced due to the presence of low blood volume skin change it's colour from pink and red to pale and white.
Stage 2
This is a moderate stage of blood pressure in which blood pressure is less than 90/60 mmHg.
Symptoms of stage 2 hypotension
Weak and rapid pulse
In this stage of blood pressure due to low pressure of blood toward body, heart try to maintain cardiac output that's why pulse would be increased.
Profound dizziness
Due to decreased perfusion of blood toward brain tissue as a result dizziness occur.
Cold skin
Due to reduced blood flow toward skin as a result become cold.
Pale skin
Same process repeated again due to reduced blood circulation toward skin as a result skin change its colour from red / pink to pale /white
Nausea /Vomiting
Due to reduced blood flow toward GI tract and GI cells get less oxygen and become irritate as a result they start nausea or vomiting
Reduced blood pressure stimulate harmone ( Adrenalin ) to alert vomiting centre in brain as a result nausea or vomiting occur
When the blood toward GI tract is reduced brain alert stomach to decreased load on stomach as a result vomiting occur
Anxiety
Due to low perfusion to brain, Sympathetic nervous system release adrenaline to feel anxious about the situation.
Urine output decreased(oliguria)
We know that kidneys are non vital organs during hypotension heart change the direction of blood toward vital and decreased perfusion of blood toward non vital organ being a non vital organ kidney also release less blood perfusion as a result decreased filtration and output of urine occur
Stage 3
This is a severe stage of low blood pressure in which the blood pressure is less than 70/40 mmHg.
Symptoms of stage 3 hypotension
1. Absence or weak pulse
Heart pumping blood is fail or negligible as result weak or absence pulse occur.
2. Delirium
Do not know time, place ,or things these things happen due to low perfusion toward brain tissue.
3. Loss of consciousness
Late sign of severe hypotension in which neuron doesn't work properly.
4. No urine output ( Anuria)
In severe hypotension Renal perfusion fail as a result kidney filtration also fail as a result no there would be no output of urine. urine
5. Severe bradycardia or tachycardia
In this stage of hypotension initially heart try to cover the demand of body as a result they increase heart cycle and tachycardia occur.
After heart taking action when the situation is out of control from the heart as a result heart rate decreased and bradycardia occur.
6.septic shock
Due to severe reduced blood perfusion towards body multiple organs demage this is called septic shock.
7. Cardio genic shock
Heart doesn't pump blood due to severe hypotension heart failure occur.
8. Hypovolumic shock
Due to low blood volume organs fail
Who is at risk of hypotension
Elderly people
Alcohol user
burn patient
Dehydrated people
Diabetic patient
Heart patient
Sepsis patient
People on BP medicine
Malnutrition
Pregnant women
Treatment for hypotension
Lay the patient flat
Give iv fluid
Administered Oxygen
Raised leg
Drink fluid
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Treatment through medicine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Normal saline
Midodrine
Normal saline
Fludrocortisone
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