HYPERTENSION AND WHO IS AT HIGHER RISK OF HYPERTENSION?

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 Introduction

First blood pressure is the pressure of blood which the blood apply pressure on the  wall of blood vessel during circulation is called blood pressure.

The normal value of Blood pressure is 120/80

mmHg.

120 is the systolic and 80 is the diastolic blood pressure.

Systolic Blood pressure

Systolic blood pressure is the pressure of blood when the ventricle contract and pump  the blood  out from heart at that time pressure applied on the blood vessel is called systolic blood pressure. That blood pressure is 120mmHg.

Diastolic blood pressure

After contraction of  ventricle during the relaxation time the remaining pressure of blood in blood vessel is called diastolic blood pressure. That blood pressure is 80 mmHg.

Hypertension

In hypertension the pressure of blood increased from its normal value is called hypertension.

Increased value of hypertension is greater than 120/80 mmHg.


Stages of hypertension 

Stage 1 Mild stage

 In this stage of hypertension the following condition happen with suffered one.

1. Blood pressure increased from 

120-139/80-89 mmHg

 2.Heart disease risk began 

3. Kidney dimage 

4. Artery dimage

Sign and symptom of stage 1 or mild hypertension 

Most peoples have no common sign and symptoms but some have

1.headache ( back or head or temple region) 

When the pressure inside the blood vessel increase it stritch its self due to this force . The surrounding area including pain sensitive area receive less oxygen as a result they generate a pressure in the form of headache.

2. Dizziness

Due to high blood pressure the blood vessel contract and become narrow due to this  the balance centre of body including ear and brain receive less oxygen as a result body become unbalance that we called dizziness.

3.palpitation

During high blood pressure heart apply high force to pump blood inside the narrow blood vessel as a result body activate sympathetic nervous system to release adrenaline in response it increase heart beat to move  blood forcefully in a narrow blood vessel.

4.  Fatigue

During high blood pressure narrowed blood  vessel in muscle unable to transport complete blood and requirement as a result muscle become weak and fatigue

5. Blurred vision

 In high blood pressure the blood vessels of eye become narrow their nature is priorly   narrow in this case they become more narrow and the retina of eye unable to get energy sufficiently as a result the light doesn't reflect properly and the suffered one feel blurred vision .

Treatment of stage 1 hypertension

• Short term treatment 

• Reduce stress

• Reduce salt ( less than 5g  )

 • Reduced weight 

• Decrease junk food

• Maintain sleeping time

• Regular exercise

Common drugs for stage 1

• Enalapril

• Losartan

• Hydrocolorothiziade

• Amlodipine



Stage 2 Moderate stage of hypertention

In this stage of hypertension the following condition happen with the patient

1. Blood pressure from 140-159/90-99 mmHg

2.Risk of stroke, heart failure and kidney 

Sign and symptom of stage 2 or moderate hypertension

1. Headache ( discussed in stage 1 but more that that stage)

2.  Bleeding from nose

Blood vessels  of nose are narrow in nature during high blood pressure they are unable to sustain this pressure and they become rapture as a result bleeding from nose occur

3. Anxiety (discussed in stage 1 but more than stage 1)

4. Fatigue (discussed in stage 1 but more than stage 1)

5. Chest pain (discussed in stage 1 but more than stage 1)

6. Shortness of breathing( discussed in stage 1 but more than stage 1)

7. Blurred vision (discussed in stage 1 but more than stage 1)

Treatment

Long term treatment for stage 2

• Chek up blood pressure every three months

• Eye examination 

• Lipid test

• Kidney function test

Medicine

These medicine take simultaneously during stage 2 hypertension 

1. Enalaprin and Hydrocholorothizide

2. Lisinopril and chlorthalidone

3. Losartan and Hydrocholorothizide

4. valsartan   and chlorthalidone

5. Amlodipine and Lisinopril

6. Chlorthalidone and Lisinopril

Stage 3 Severe stage of hypertension.

In this stage of hypertension the pressure of  blood increased and greater than 160/100mmHg.

Such type of blood pressure effect on  main system of body include, Risk of stroke, heart failure , kidney  shutdown ,vision loos  and death

Sign and symptoms  of stage 3 hypertension

Vomiting 

During severe hypertension blood vessel of the brain first contract when the force continue for long time then it begin to   swell,  due to swelling pressure create inside the brain which stimulate medulla oblongata  vomiting centre as a result vomiting occur

Confusion

High blood pressure increase sympathetic system which release  adrenaline that increase  heart rate and the suffered person feel confusion.

Severe blurred Vision ( discussed in stage 1 but more severe than that)

Breathing problem

During this stage of hypertension heart muscle  unable to supply blood properly and the blood which supplied to the lung more than enough as a result oxygen can't exchange properly and the patient become difficulty in breathing

Severe chest pain

During severe hypertension heart  increase demand of oxygen for this purpose  the muscle of heart become thick  and the coronary artery ( blood vessel which supply blood to heart ) doesn't provide enough oxygen as a result the become ischaemic and the pai initiate. 

Severe headache (discussed in stage 1 but more severe than that)

Weakness ( discussed in stage 1 but more severe than that)

Treatment

Short term 

Bed elevate

Bed rest

Moniter BP , ECG and urine output

IV access

Oxygen if required

Medicine 

Labetalol

Nitroglycerin

Sodium nitroprusside

Nicardipine

Hydralizine

Long term treatment

Losaryan plus amlodipine plus chlorthalidone

Low salt diet

Daily light exercise 

Stop smoking and alcohol 

Control stress

Daily BP 

Eye examination

Kidney function test

Cause of  hypertension

1. Ageing

2. Harmonal disblance

3. High salt in diet

4. Physical inactive

5. Kidney problem

6. Diabetes

7. Junk or unhealthy food 

8. Alcohol 

9 . Smoking

10. Tobacco 

11. During pregnancy 

12.choronic pain

13. Low potassium

14. Drugs like sterriod, painkiller 

and contraceptive  drug( those drug they protect fertilization)

15. Atherosclerosis

16. Stress

17. Obesity

18. Family history

Long term prevention from hypertension 

1. Healthy diet

2. Normal body weight

3. Regular exercise for more about exercise

https://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/01/benefits-of-exercise-and-its-impact-on.html

4. Control stress

5. Regular BP monitoring medicine if required 

8. Concern to doctor when suffered from any problem

Benefits of exercise and its impacts on human body.

References

 WHO -World Health Organisation

NIH- National Institute Of Health)

 CDC- Centre for Disease Control and prevention


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