HYPERTENSION AND WHO IS AT HIGHER RISK OF HYPERTENSION?
Introduction
Blood pressure is the pressure of blood like other fluid blood has its own pressure which is produced by the contraction of ventricles and this pressure remain in the blood and where they apply on the blood vessels who we can check with the help of BP apparatus is called Blood Pressure.
The normal value of Blood pressure is 120/80
mmHg.
120 is the systolic and 80 is the diastolic blood pressure.
120 is the systolic ( The pressure in artery during the contraction of ventricle of heart )and 80 is the diastolic blood pressure( pressure remain in the artery after contraction of ventricle or during relaxation of ventricle).
Systolic Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure is the pressure of blood when the ventricle contract and pump the blood out from heart at that time pressure applied on the blood vessel is called systolic blood pressure. That blood pressure is 120mmHg.
Diastolic blood pressure
After contraction of ventricle during the relaxation time the remaining pressure of blood in blood vessel is called diastolic blood pressure. That blood pressure is 80 mmHg.
Hypertension
In hypertension the pressure of blood increased from its normal value is called hypertension.
Increased value of hypertension is greater than 120/80 mmHg.
Stages of hypertension
Stage 1 Mild stage
In this stage of hypertension the following condition happen with suffered one.
1. Blood pressure increased from
120-139/80-89 mmHg
2.Heart disease risk began
3. Kidney damage
4. Artery damage
Sign and symptom of stage 1 or mild hypertension
Most peoples have no common sign and symptoms but some have
1.headache ( back or head or temple region)
When the pressure inside the blood vessel increase it stretch's its self due to this force . The surrounding area including pain sensitive area receive less oxygen as a result they generate a pressure in the form of headache.
2. Dizziness
Due to high blood pressure the blood vessel contract and become narrow due to this the balance center of body including ear and brain receive less oxygen as a result body become unbalance that we called dizziness.
3.palpitation
During high blood pressure heart apply high force to pump blood inside the narrow blood vessel as a result body activate sympathetic nervous system to release adrenaline in response it increase heart beat to move blood forcefully in a narrow blood vessel.
4. Fatigue
During high blood pressure narrowed blood vessel in muscle unable to transport complete blood and requirement as a result muscle become weak and fatigue due to lack of its activities.
5. Blurred vision
In high blood pressure the blood vessels of eye become narrow their nature is priorly narrow in this case they become more narrow and the retina of eye unable to get energy sufficiently as a result the light doesn't reflect properly and the suffered one feel blurred vision .
Treatment of stage 1 hypertension
• Short term treatment
• Reduce stress
• Reduce salt ( less than 5g )
• Reduced weight
• Decrease junk food
• Maintain sleeping time
• Regular exercise
Common drugs for stage 1
• Enalapril
• Losartan
• Hydrocolorothiziade
• Amlodipine
Stage 2 Moderate stage of hypertention
In this stage of hypertension the following condition happen with the patient
1. Blood pressure from 140-159/90-99 mmHg
2.Risk of stroke, heart failure and kidney
Sign and symptom of stage 2 or moderate hypertension
1. Headache ( discussed in stage 1 but more that stage)
2. Bleeding from nose
Blood vessels of nose are narrow in nature during high blood pressure they are unable to sustain this pressure and they become rapture as a result bleeding from nose occur
3. Anxiety (discussed in stage 1 but more than stage 1)
4. Fatigue (discussed in stage 1 but more than stage 1)
5. Chest pain (discussed in stage 1 but more than stage 1)
6. Shortness of breathing( discussed in stage 1 but more than stage 1)
7. Blurred vision (discussed in stage 1 but more than stage 1)
Treatment
Long term treatment for stage 2
• Chek up blood pressure every three months
• Eye examination
• Lipid test
• Kidney function test
Medicine
These medicine take simultaneously during stage 2 hypertension
1. Enalaprin and Hydrocholorothizide
2. Lisinopril and chlorthalidone
3. Losartan and Hydrocholorothizide
4. valsartan and chlorthalidone
5. Amlodipine and Lisinopril
6. Chlorthalidone and Lisinopril
Stage 3 Severe stage of hypertension.
In this stage of hypertension the pressure of blood increased and greater than 160/100mmHg.
Such type of blood pressure effect on main system of body include, Risk of stroke, heart failure , kidney shutdown ,vision loos and death
Sign and symptoms of stage 3 hypertension
Vomiting
During severe hypertension blood vessel of the brain first contract when the force continue for long time then it begin to swell, due to swelling pressure create inside the brain which stimulate medulla oblongata vomiting center as a result vomiting occur
Confusion
High blood pressure increase sympathetic system which release adrenaline that increase heart rate and the suffered person feel confusion.
Severe blurred Vision ( discussed in stage 1 but more severe than that)
Breathing problem
During this stage of hypertension heart muscle unable to supply blood properly and the blood which supplied to the lung more than enough as a result oxygen can't exchange properly and the patient become difficulty in breathing
Severe chest pain
During severe hypertension heart increase demand of oxygen for this purpose the muscle of heart become thick and the coronary artery ( blood vessel which supply blood to heart ) doesn't provide enough oxygen as a result the become ischemic and the pai initiate.
Severe headache (discussed in stage 1 but more severe than that)
Weakness ( discussed in stage 1 but more severe than that)
Treatment
Short term
Bed elevate
Bed rest
Monitor BP , ECG and urine output
IV access
Oxygen if required
Medicine
Labetalol
Nitroglycerin
Sodium nitroprusside
Nicardipine
Hydralizine
Long term treatment
Losaryan plus amlodipine plus chlorthalidone
Low salt diet
Daily light exercise
Stop smoking and alcohol
Control stress
Daily BP
Eye examination
Kidney function test
Cause of hypertension
1. Ageing
2. Hormonal disbalance
3. High salt in diet
4. Physical inactive
5. Kidney problem
6. Diabetes
7. Junk or unhealthy food
8. Alcohol
9 . Smoking
10. Tobacco
11. During pregnancy
12.choronic pain
13. Low potassium
14. Drugs like steroid, painkiller
and contraceptive drug( those drug they protect fertilization)
15. Atherosclerosis
16. Stress
17. Obesity
18. Family history
Long term prevention from hypertension
1. Healthy diet
2. Normal body weight
3. Regular exercise for more about exercise
https://www.healthduhs.org/2026/01/benefits-of-exercise-and-its-impact-on.html
4. Control stress
5. Regular BP monitoring medicine if required
8. Concern to doctor when suffered from any problem
for more about hypotension which is opposite to hypertension
https://www.healthduhs.org/2026/01/hypotension-and-peoples-who-are-at-risk.html
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