What is inflammation?

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Introduction

              Inflammation is the protective response of human body against any type of abnormal tissue or cell death. When any extrinsic or intrinsic factor cause a cell or tissue of the body to damage that tissue contain blood vessels or other cells of the body at the time of damage of these cell make alert other cells of the body  who are responsible for the protection of human body where when all defense responsible  cells get alert from the damage of cell they initiate their response. In every part of body there are specific type of defense cells are present they are called macrophages and mast cells when these cells detect any type of damage or abnormality at that time they alert the whole immune system in the form of chemical they contain chemical mediators called histamine, heparin and prostaglandin these cells release these chemical in to blood stream or surrounding area. These chemical have capability to. These chemical have capability to enhance the response of immune system first response of chemical mediator is  Increase the flow of blood toward the effected area due to the high flow of blood toward the effected area they look red in color.

The second thing is to move blood toward the effected area to enhance healing and protect from further injury for this purpose the increase flow of blood toward effected area as a result that area swell due to excessive accumulation of fluid.

Now the last step in which all debris will be remove from that body and all unwanted substances should be killed by immune cell and heal up that area toward its normal routine. for more about immune system https://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/06/what-is-immune-system-of-human-and-how.html

Types of inflammation

Acute inflammation

              It is the type of inflammation in which body  sudden and short lasting response to tissue injury  to protect from further injury enhance tissue healing. Acute inflammation will be lasting for minutes to two weeks in which most of the type of immune cell will be detected in lab testing is nutrophills.

 

Chronic inflammation

               It is the type of inflammation in which slow and long lasting response of body against tissue injury which will be lasting for weeks to years in the lab test of chronic inflammation is more number of macrophages and  lymphocytes

Clinical features of inflammation 

              There are two type of clinical feature of inflammation one is local mean at the side of effected area and second is systemic mean response of whole body.

Local clinical features of inflammation

·       Redness ( Rumor)

 Redness occur during inflammation because the flow of blood toward the effected is increased  as a result that area will look red in color because blood is red.

·       Hotness ( calor)

It also happen due to increased the flow of blood as we know that the temperature of blood is slightly high as compared to tissue as a result area fells hot.

·       Swelling ( Tumor)

Increased flow of blood toward affected area will also increase their size as a result swelling occur.

·       Pain ( dollor )

Pain receptors are also present at the effected area and they inform the body about the pain as a result pain occur.

·       Loss of function

A damaged tissue with swelling and pain unable to perform its normal function as result loss of function occur

 

Systematic features of inflammation

·       Fatigue

        The purpose of fatigue is to conserve the energy of body to combat with disease or foreign particle

·       Fever

Increase temperature denature some bacteria and also decrease the deactivate the requirement of microbes

 

·       Increase CRP

C- reactive protein released by the liver during inflammation when ilnterleukin-6 stimulate cytokines and cytokines enhance the releasing of CRP

 

·       Increase ESR

Erythrocytes Sedementation Rate is a test not protein in which density or how quickly falling a rbc is?

 ·       Increased WBCs

Increased WBCs fight against foreign particle as soon as possible to eliminate themhys


 

Causes of inflammation

·       Physical injury

·       Infectious microbes
·       Chemical agent
·       Ionizing agent
·       Autoimmune disorder
·       Tissue necrosis
·       Chronic irritation

Treatment of inflammation

·      *      Treat underline cause either physical appearance of any thing which cause inflammation or microbes those are not visible use antibiotic or antiviral according to them.

·     *      Apply ice or cold pack on the swell area during 24-48 hours of injury

·      *     Physiotherapy or exercise gradually to enhance movement for more about exercise https://healthduhs.blogspot.com/2026/01/benefits-of-exercise-and-its-impact-on.html

  reference

WHO -World Health Organization
NIH- National Institute Of Health)

 CDC- Centre for Disease Control and prevention


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