DEFICIENCY AND TREATMENT OF VITAMIN D

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Introduction

 Every requirement for human body should be equal as per  the require of human body is, if that amount will not achieved by body thereafter  the body will not stay as a normal conditions as a result different type of disease occur with the suffered one.

Vitamin D is one of the important vitamin because  it has dual function one of that is its  functioning as a hormone  it regulate the absorption of calcium and second as a vitamin it enhance the absorption of calcium in bone and teeth. If the vitamin  does not available  in the body  at that time the body  unable to perform that activities with the absent of vitamin D as a result they show different sign and symptoms if they will not treated they will say hi to any disease  related to vitamin D and will no treat properly they may got complication.

 Sign and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency in children

* Soft and weakness of bone

Vitamin D increase the absorption of calcium in bone in which calcium provide a strength to the bone.   Deficiency of vitamin D reduce the mineralization of calcium   in bone as a result that bone become weak and soft.

* Thickened wrist 

 At the end of long bone there is growth plate that produce cartilage later on they converted into bone but in the deficiency of vitamin D mineralization in bone reduce  as a result the plate does not convert into bone and they produce cartilage in this case the old unmineralized cartilage  and newly formed  cartilage  combine and make th4 growth plate wider and irregular. This occur at the end of wrist as a result they become enlarged that is called (rachitic wrist).  

* Thickened ankle

 At the end of long bone there is growth plate that produce cartilage later on they converted into bone but in the deficiency of vitamin D mineralization in bone reduce  as a result the plate does not convert into bone and they produce cartilage in this case the old unmineralized cartilage  and newly formed  cartilage  combine and make th4 growth plate wider and irregular. This occur at the end of ankle  as a result they become enlarged that is called (rachitic ankle).  

* Delay exposing of teeth

 Teeth require calcium and phosphorus for their development but in vitamin D deficiency calcium and phosphorus not available for teeth as a result they take long time to erupt.

* Weakness of muscle in deficiency of vitamin D

Calcium is require  for muscle contraction but in the deficiency of vitamin D calcium  is not available as a result weakness of muscle occur. Vitamin D is responsible for the absorption of calcium

* Frequent infection in deficiency of vitamin D

Vitamin D enhance the strength of immune system and make it stronger to fight against foreign particle but in vitamin D deficiency make the body high susceptible to foreign particle they easily attack on the body

* Bowed leg in deficiency of vitamin D 

Causes of vitamin D deficiency in children

* Due low milk intake or low nutrition

* Lack of sunlight exposure 

* liver disease

* Kidney disease

* malabsorption disorder

Treatment of vitamin D in children

* Sun exposure for 20 - 30 minutes mostly at the time of dawn

* Supplement  of calcium

* For mild deficiency Vitamin D31000 IU/day orally

* For moderate deficiency Vitamin D3 2000 IU/day orally

* High dose are also available 50,000 IU /per week

Sign and symptoms of vitamin deficiency in Adult

*Softening of bone

Due to low mineralization

* Bone pain specially leg,lower back and hip

Due to low deposition of calcium they become soften and unable to sustain  the force of gravity as result pain occur.

* Muscle weakness

Due to low availability of calcium for muscle contraction muscle weakness occur

* Difficulty in walking

Due to low deposition of mineral

Or   less availability  of calcium for bone and muscle  as a result difficulty in walking occur


* Risk of fracture increase

 Low deposition of calcium make bone more susceptible to external force as a result they fracture easily

* Tetany

Low calcium cause muscle involuntary contraction as a result muscle spasm occur

* Numbness in the body

 Calcium is the requirement of  nerve signalling due to the deficiency of calcium signal does transmit properly as a result numbness occur in the body

Causes of vitamin D deficiency in Adult

*Obesity

* less exposure to sunlight

* Aging skin

* Some medicines( glucocoticoids, anticonvulsant )

Treatment of vitamin D in adult

* Enhance  sunlight exposure 

* Maintain calcium intake 1100mg/day

* For mild deficiency Vitamin D3 900IU/day orally

*  For severe deficiency high dose of vitamin D3 50,000IU/ week 

Sign and symptoms of vitamin deficiency in old

* Fracture risk increase

Low calcium deposition cause increase risk of fracture

* Fatigue

Due to low calcium in muscle they become unable to perform its activity as usual as a result fatigue occur

* Impaired immunity 

Vitamin D enhance the strength of immune system but in the deficiency of vitamin D they become impaired for more about immunity https://www.healthduhs.org/2026/06/what-is-immune-system-of-human-and-how.html

* Depression

Vitamin D receptor found in that area of brain where the mood of body control by the brain when in the  deficiency of vitamin D they receipt deficiency of vitamin D due to  this they unable to release that hormone as a result mood of an individual can't be controlled by the brain and depression occur.

* Bone pain

 In low vitamin D the  mineral deposition of calcium  in bone  is  reduced  due to  the reason bone  become unable to maintain its strength as a result pain occur

* Muscle weakness

 Vitamin D is responsible for the absorption of  calcium  in the deficiency of vitamin D calcium absorption will get suffered due to low calcium for muscle, contraction  and relaxation of muscle become suffered as a result weakness occur

 Causes of vitamin D deficiency in elder

* High rate of aging skin unable to synthesize vitamin D

* Poor diet

* Kidney problem

* Less exposure with light

* Medication

Treatment of vitamin D in elder

* Enhance exposure to sun

* Supplement of calcium 1200mg/day

* For mild deficiency dose of Vitamin D3 1100 IU/ day

* Intramuscular injection are also available

Sources of vitamin D

1-    Sunlight especially at the time of dawn

2-    Fish 

3-    Eggs

4   -    Liver 

5-    Animal product

References


 WHO -World Health Organization

NIH- National Institute Of Health)

 CDC- Centre for Disease Control and prevention




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